滇东南都龙超大型锡锌多金属矿床黄铁矿LA-ICPMS微量元素组成研究     

刘仕玉  刘玉平  叶霖  王大鹏 《岩石学报》2021,37(4):1196-1212

滇东南马关都龙是一个以锡锌为主,共-伴生铟、铜、铅、钨、铁、银等多种元素的锡锌多金属超大型矿床。虽然前人从矿物学、矿床地球化学、年代学等不同角度开展了较多的研究,该矿床锡锌多金属矿化为燕山晚期岩浆热液活动的产物已是不争的事实,但关于该矿床是否存在热水沉积作用及其与锡锌多金属成矿作用的关系依然存在较大争议。本文选取都龙矿区广泛存在的黄铁矿作为主要研究对象,在矿相学基础上利用LA-ICPMS对不同阶段黄铁矿的微量元素组成开展了系统的研究。野外及显微鉴定结果表明,矿区存在四种类型(期次)的黄铁矿,即:鲕状黄铁矿Py1;穿切或交代Py1的细脉状黄铁矿Py2;与闪锌矿等硫化物共生的自形黄铁矿Py3;包裹早期黄铁矿或闪锌矿等硫化物的他形黄铁矿Py4。LA-ICPMS分析结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿中富集多种微量元素,其中Co、Ni、As、Ge等元素以类质同象的形式存在黄铁矿晶格中,而其余元素多以显微矿物包体形式赋存于黄铁矿中。上述四期黄铁矿微量元素组成存在较大差别,Py1相对富集Zn和As,而其余微量元素含量较低,Co与Ni含量较低,Co/Ni比值远低于1.00,其微量元素组成与典型沉积作用形成黄铁矿基本一致; Py2与Py1具有相似的微量元素组成特征,其Co/Ni比值接近Py1变化范围; Py3和Py4除富集Zn、As外,Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Sb、Pb、Bi元素含量也相对较高,其Co/Ni比值相对较高,多大于1,与典型岩浆热液型黄铁矿微量元素组成相似,而与沉积型黄铁矿差异明显。结合各阶段黄铁矿产出地质特征,对比不同类型黄铁矿微量元素组成,本研究认为:Py1鲕状黄铁矿为热水沉积作用形成; Py2为Py1变质改造形成的细脉状黄铁矿,其微量元素继承了Py1; Py3为岩浆热液活动形成的自形黄铁矿; Py4为岩浆热液活动晚期形成的他形黄铁矿,Ag和Bi组成作为区分不同成因类型黄铁矿的化学指标的潜力。矿区早期沉积作用形成鲕状黄铁矿过程可能为后期成矿作用提供了部分硫源及少量Zn等成矿物质,海西-印支期区域变质改造作用对矿区成矿作用影响不大,而燕山晚期岩浆热液活动才是矿区锡多金属大规模成矿作用的主导因素。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩——关键金属Sn-Cs-Tl的富集机制     

高利娥  曾令森  严立龙  高家昊  赵令浩 《岩石学报》2021,37(10):2923-2943

关键金属是全球高科技产业不可或缺的战略性资源,其富集机制和成矿作用是目前国际矿床学研究的热点之一。我们对喜马拉雅带吉隆和亚东地区淡色花岗岩开展系统的地球化学研究,发现侵入到藏南拆离系的淡色花岗岩含有较高的Sn、Cs、Tl、Be、W、B、Li和Bi。全岩元素地球化学分析表明,这些淡色花岗岩具有如下特征：（1）富集关键金属元素;（2）为原始岩浆经历斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、云母分离结晶作用后的残余熔体;（3）关键元素的富集和矿化与花岗岩高度分离结晶作用密切相关。随着分异程度的增强,岩浆变为富挥发分的高SiO₂体系,关键金属元素在残余熔体中富集,并且最后可能形成具有工业价值的矿床。由于地球化学特征的相似性,Cs和Tl呈类质同象替代钾、铷进入云母中。富集关键金属元素的花岗岩在时间上和空间上属于与藏南拆离系相关的同构造侵位花岗岩,藏南拆离系的活动促使了原始岩浆的广泛分离结晶作用,以及后期的关键金属元素（如Rb、Cs和Tl）的富集。  相似文献   

江西大湖塘矿田两期岩浆作用与钨成矿的关系:来自锆石矿物地球化学的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李宏伟  赵正  陈振宇  郭娜欣  甘加伟  李小伟  尹政 《岩石学报》2021,37(5):1508-1530

大湖塘矿田是我国新发现的世界级钨多金属矿产资源基地,位于江南造山带中段,地处九岭山脉北部的武宁、修水、靖安三县交界区域,面积约500km~2,储藏着近二百万吨WO_3资源(伴生Cu和Mo)。该区以晋宁期花岗岩类的大面积出露为特色,而燕山期花岗岩为全隐伏,前者作为矿田最主要的细脉-浸染型白钨矿的赋存载体,后者则在成岩时代上与钨成矿时间基本一致。两期岩浆岩对区内大规模钨成矿作用的贡献问题,及其内在成因联系问题具有重要的研究意义。本文在矿田地质和岩石地球化学研究基础上,以锆石的矿物地球化学研究为切入点,对晋宁期和燕山期花岗岩类的年代学、Hf同位素、微量元素特征进行系统的对比研究。结果显示,大湖塘矿田石门寺花岗岩成岩时代为147.7Ma、靖安钨矿成矿时代为134.9Ma、赋矿花岗岩成岩时代为815.8Ma,两个时代的岩浆岩均为过铝质S型花岗岩系列;更有意义的是,燕山期花岗岩(石门寺)中发现多颗继承锆石,且继承锆石与晋宁期岩浆锆石具有相近的Hf同位素和微量元素组成,这指示燕山期花岗岩与晋宁期花岗岩具有亲缘关系,包括晋宁期花岗岩在内的中新元古代基底岩石可能参与了该区中生代花岗岩的源区重熔。锆石微量元素特征表明,这两期重熔的岩浆结晶温度都在700℃左右,经历了低氧逸度、水近饱和条件下的熔融。晋宁期花岗岩富含W、Ca等成矿所需元素,在中生代华南岩石圈地幔上涌导致的中上地壳大规模熔融的背景下,燕山期岩浆期后含矿热液与晋宁期花岗岩围岩发生交代,成为本区大型白钨矿为主的钨多金属矿床形成的必要条件。  相似文献   

中国海洋的珊瑚-珊瑚礁: 南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁生物多样性特征     

许红  史国宁  廖宝林  陈刚  董树义  邱隆伟  李琦  罗进雄  申剑  曾晓起  王亚民  贺静  董刚  闫桂京  王宇喆  周星蕾  胡喜鹏  罗乔乔  陈竹  陶萌  纳琴  王晴  王英  沈江远  马骁  付和平  吴汉儒  马亚增  陈舒 《古地理学报》2021,23(4):771-788

珊瑚是地球上最古老的原住民,具有近6×108年的发育史,弱势群居、喜温和原地长成是珊瑚的基本特征。作者介绍了珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,综述了跨十年调查的研究区珍贵照片资料和相关认识,指出中国是全球主要的珊瑚-珊瑚礁国家,地位举足轻重;珊瑚-珊瑚礁作为地球生物多样性的代表,造岛、固礁、护鱼、防护岛岸流失,形成南海四大群岛280余座岛、礁、滩、沙,所构建庞大海洋生态系统是无与伦比的海洋生态资源和寸土寸金的南海海洋国土。提出划分南海珊瑚-珊瑚礁为中央区和周缘区2个分布区,阐述了南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,系统汇集报道了间隔10年2个科考航次调查在浅水礁盘浮潜、至20 m水深浅潜-深潜和礁盘及开展岛、礁、滩、沙地质调查的发现,包括科学定名46种六放石珊瑚和6种八放软珊瑚等成果,同时,收集了西沙、中沙、东沙和南沙群岛海域的相关调查航次珊瑚照片;进一步阐述了单体环礁和复合环礁的特征及分布,并进行了初步对比,指出永乐环礁是南海唯一一个真正的切合达尔文模式的环礁,也是环礁发展到最高阶段的产物,构成现代海洋珊瑚-珊瑚礁形成演化研究最好的天然实验室。  相似文献   

黑龙江省兴凯湖自然保护区生态系统固碳服务功能评价     

肖红叶  戴慧敏  杨泽  刘国栋  高铁  杨佳佳  张一鹤 《地质与资源》2021,29(6):570-573

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Groundwater characteristics and climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert in the southwest Mongolian Plateau     

《China Geology》2021,4(3):421-432

The Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert in China, covering an area of 50000 km². It lies in Northwest China, where the arid and rainless natural environment has a great impact on the climate, environment, and human living conditions. Based on the results of 1∶250000 regional hydrogeological surveys and previous researches, this study systematically investigates the circulation characteristics and resource properties of the groundwater as well as the evolution of the climate and ecological environment since the Quaternary in the Badain Jaran Desert by means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological drilling, hydrogeochemistry, and isotopic tracing. The results are as follows. (1) The groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert is mainly recharged through the infiltration of local precipitation and has poor renewability. The groundwater recharge in the desert was calculated to be 1.8684×10⁸ m³/a using the water balance method. (2) The Badain Jaran Desert has experienced four humid stages since the Quaternary, namely MIS 13-15, MIS 5, MIS 3, and the Early–Middle Holocene, but the climate in the desert has shown a trend towards aridity overall. The average annual temperature in the Badain Jaran Desert has significantly increased in the past 50 years. In detail, it has increased by about 2.5°C, with a higher rate in the south than in the north. Meanwhile, the precipitation amount has shown high spatial variability and the climate has shown a warming-drying trend in the past 50 years. (3) The lakes in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert continuously shrank during 1973–2015. However, the vegetation communities maintained a highly natural distribution during 2000–2016, with the vegetation cover has increased overall. Accordingly, the Badain Jaran Desert did not show any notable expansion in that period. This study deepens the understanding of groundwater circulation and the climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploitation of the groundwater resources and the ecological protection and restoration in the Badain Jaran Desert.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Structural characteristics of the KPR-CBR triple-junction inferred from gravity and magnetic interpretations,Philippine Sea Plate     

《China Geology》2021,4(4):541-552

The intersection of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) and the Central Basin Rift (CBR) of the West Philippine Basin (WPB) is a relic of a trench-trench-rift (TTR) type triple-junction, which preserves some pivotal information on the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the WPB, the emplacement and disintegration of the proto-Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Arc, and the transition from initial rifting to steady-state spreading of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB). However, the structural characteristics of this triple-junction have not been thoroughly understood. In this paper, using the newly acquired multi-beam bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data obtained by the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, the authors depict the topographic, gravity, and magnetic characteristics of the triple-junction and adjacent region. Calculations including the upward continuations and total horizontal derivatives of gravity anomaly are also performed to highlight the major structural features and discontinuities. Based on these works, the morphological and structural features and their formation mechanisms are analyzed. The results show that the last episode amagmatic extension along the CBR led to the formation of a deep rift valley, which extends eastward and incised the KPR. The morphological and structural fabrics of the KPR near and to the south of the triple-junction are consistent with those of the western PVB, manifesting as a series of NNE-SSW- and N-S-trending ridges and troughs, which were produced by the extensional faults associated with the initial rifting of the PVB. The superposition of the above two reasons induced the prominent discontinuity of the KPR in deep and shallow crustal structures between 15°N–15°30′N and 13°30′N–14°N. Combined with previous authors’ results, we propose that the stress produced by the early spreading of the PVB transmitted westward and promoted the final stage amagmatic extension of the CBR. The eastward propagation of the CBR destroyed the KPR, of which the magmatism had decayed or ceased at that time. The destruction mechanism of the KPR associated with the rifting of the PVB varies along strike the KPR. Adjacent to the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed mainly due to the oblique intersection of the PVB rifting center. Whereas south of the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed by the E-W-directional extensional faulting on its whole width.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Conservation,contraception and controversy: Supporting human rights to enable sustainable fisheries in Madagascar     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

Environmental NGOs are increasingly called upon to respect human rights when undertaking conservation programs. Evaluating a family planning program running alongside marine management measures in Madagascar, we find that family planning services provided by an environmental NGO can support women’s reproductive rights. Family planning services allow the option of smaller families, and give more time to work, increased income and better health. These benefits do not translate into increased support for, or participation in, marine management, however, and women who are able to work more are typically fishing more. We identify patriarchal norms as a key factor preventing the family planning programme from manifesting in improved resource stewardship, limiting opportunities for women to participate fully in resource management meetings and diversify their livelihood outside traditional tasks, including fishing. We propose that a successful human rights-based approach must be more comprehensive, targeting multiple rights and challenging existing institutions and power structures.  相似文献   

河西走廊东部一次霜冻天气过程成因及其对农业的影响     

钱莉  杨鑫  滕杰 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(5):114-121

2016年5月15日清晨河西走廊东部发生区域性强霜冻天气,对农林业生产造成了2004年以来最为严重的灾害。本文利用实时MICAPS常规观测资料、物理量场和河西走廊东部区域内6个国家自动气象观测站和93个区域气象站观测资料,对这次冻害天气过程的天气学成因进行分析,在此基础上分析了霜冻对农业的影响。结果表明强冷空气爆发是造成冻害的直接原因;0 cm地面温度和气温≤0 ℃持续时间长,导致农林作物深度冻伤;前期气温偏高使得农林作物发育期提前,加之霜冻出现时间偏迟,农林作物抵抗冻害的能力明显下降,冻害影响加重;冻害发生后,温度急剧上升、湿度迅速减小,作物水分强烈蒸腾,作物细胞失去受损,导致受灾程度加重。  相似文献   

Mantle property of Hegenshan ophiolite in Inner Mongolia: Constrains from element geochemistry and Re-Os isotopes of harzburgiteSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

王智慧  杨振宁  王志伟  韩雪 《岩石学报》2023,(5):1322-1338

贺根山蛇绿岩带是中亚造山带东部出露面积最大的晚古生代蛇绿岩带,然而研究者对它是大洋岩石圈的残余还是陆内岩石圈地幔伸展的产物仍存在较大争议,主要归因于一直缺少橄榄岩Re-Os同位素的有效制约。基于此,本文对贺根山蛇绿岩中方辉橄榄岩进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学和Re-Os同位素研究。方辉橄榄岩主要由橄榄石、斜方辉石、粗粒的铬尖晶石和少量单斜辉石组成。贺根山方辉橄榄岩具有难熔地球化学特征,显示出高的MgO(45.1%~48.1%)含量,低的CaO(0.09%~0.26%)和Al 2O 3(0.58%~0.90%)含量及Tb/Yb比值,低于原始上地幔的^(187)Os/^(188)Os(0.1236~0.1263)同位素组成;橄榄石具有较高的Fo值(91.0~91.7)和NiO含量(0.26%~0.48%),而且单斜辉石具有低的重稀土含量,暗示了贺根山方辉橄榄岩是尖晶石相陆下岩石圈地幔高程度(20%~30%)部分熔融的难熔残余。另外,方辉橄榄岩相对富集LREE和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素(例如Nb、Ta),且单斜辉石具有高Ti/Eu值和低的La/Yb,揭示了地幔源区受到硅酸盐熔体交代作用的改造。另一方面,方辉橄榄岩显示出相对年轻的Re亏损模式年龄,t RD为454~825Ma,表明贺根山地区岩石圈地幔形成的时代应该在0.8Ga之前,而后经历过多期熔体抽离和交代,与区域上大规模地壳增生时代吻合,可能是罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解的响应。结合蛇绿岩中大量深源矿物(金刚石等)和捕获锆石的存在、南北两侧一致的地质记录,本文认为贺根山方辉橄榄岩可能是陆内伸展环境下深部地幔物质上涌减压熔融的产物。  相似文献